2023年山东成考英语语法归纳及练习：ed分词(1)

　　内 容 提 要

　　-ED分词即我们平常所说的动词过去分词。它有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词+-ED构成;不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。

　　第一节 -ED分词的用法

　　一、-ED分词作表语

　　The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.

　　已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。

　　二、作定语的-ED分词

　　-ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句

　　1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.

　　[A] earn [B] earned [C] to earn[D] was earned

　　2) On his return from his college， he found the house .

　　[A] deserting[B] deserted[C] desert[D] to be deserted

　　3) The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .

　　三、用作状语的-ED分词

　　这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

　　1. 表示时间

　　4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.

　　[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and

　　[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and

　　[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley

　　[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term

　　2. 表示条件

　　5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.

　　[A] Seen [B] Sees [C] Seeing[D] To see

　　6) to steel，chromium(铬) increases the metal's hardness.

　　[A] Added [B] In addition [C] Adding[D] Adds

　　7) enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.

　　[A] Being given[B] Given[C] Give

　　[D] To give3. 表示原因

　　8) Encouraged by his mother， .

　　[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent

　　[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art

　　[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent

　　[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.

　　9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.

　　[A] Angering [B] Having angered [C] Being angry [D] Angered

　　10) Written in great haste，

　　[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report [B] there are plenty of errors in the report

　　[C] we found several mistakes in his report [D] the books is full of errors.

　　4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换

　　11) was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.

　　[A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch [B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn

　　[C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch [D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn

　　12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.

　　[A] being lost[B] having lost[C] losing[D] lost5. 表示让步

　　13) Francis Preston Blair，Jr.， born in Kentucky，lived and practiced law in Missouri.

　　[A] was [B] he was [C] although [D] who he was 6. 表示结果

　　14) in all parts of the state， pines are the most common trees in Georgia.

　　[A] Found [B] Finding them [C] To find them [D] They are found

　　7. 表示目的

　　15) They should be kept here this matter.

　　[A] informing about

　　[B] be informed

　　[C] be informed of

　　[D] informed of8. 表示背景和衬托