2023年山东成考高起点英语复习笔记：冠词的种类

　　冠词的种类

　　1. 不定冠词 a/an的用法

　　a用于辅音音标开头的单词前(不一定是辅音字母)：an用于元音音标开头的单词前(不一定是元音字母) ：an old man

　　a friend

　　an american writer

　　a chinese book——an english book

　　注意 以字母h，u，e，y开头的单词：an hour/honor/honest

　　a university——an umbrella-a usual/useful book

　　a european

　　a young man——a youth

　　泛指人、事、物的类别 a.english is a useful language.

　　b.a horse is a useful animal.

　　c.his telehpone number begins with a " 3".

　　泛指某人某物

　　there's a man waiting for you at the gate of our school.

　　there's a book lying on the floor.

　　表示every/per的含义

　　this kind of santana car can run 150 kilometers an hour.

　　some students of senior three study 12 hours a day.

　　用于某些固定词组中

　　a few; a little; a lot of;

　　a bit of; a couple of; a great deal of;

　　many a; all of a sudden; as a matter of fact;

　　in a word; have a word with sb. have a good time;

　　do sb. a favor pay a visit to; as a rule

　　in a day or two; in a way; make a living;

　　two pills at a time; take a walk/break/bath/seat;

　　have a cold/fever/headache/stomachache

　　2.定冠词the的用法

　　the 在辅音前发/ / 在元音前发/ /

　　(1)表示特指和第二次提到的人或物：

　　here the books you want.

　　i saw a film last night. the film was wonderful.

　　(2)表示世界上独一无二的东西：the sun;the earth;the moon

　　(3)用在序数词、形容词最高级前面：the first-class; the third floor; the longest river

　　(4)用在江、河、湖、海、山 脉、群 岛、海 峡、海 湾、沙 漠、方 位 前 面：

　　the changjiang river; the west lake ; the great canal(大运河);

　　the taiwan strait; on the right/left; in the north/south

　　(4)与某些形 容 词 连 用表 示 一 类 人，动 词 用 复 数 形 式：

　　the poor/rich/old/young/sick/old/new/wounded

　　the young have to learn from the old.(年轻人要向老年人学习。)

　　the right and the wrong are the opposites.

　　(6)在乐器的名词前面：she likes to play the piano/violin/guitar.

　　(7)在某 些 表 示 时 间 的 词 组 中：

　　in the morning/afternoon/evening/night(but at noon/night);

　　in the daytime;in the 1870's/1870s

　　(8)用在姓氏的复数前面：the smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.

　　(9)在表示发明物的名词前面：

　　the gunpowder was invented in china 400 year age.

　　alexander graham bell invented the telephone in 1876.

　　the teacher showed us a telescope and said it was galileo who invented the telescope.

　　(10)用在表示国家和民族的形容词前面表示该国的人民：

　　the english/chinese/japanese/french

　　(11)用在由普通名词构成的专用名词前面：

　　the united states(联合国); the new york times(纽约时报);

　　the people's liberation army(中国人民解放军)

　　(12)用在表示计算单位的名词前面，常含"每"，"每一"的意义，或相当于"按……计算"：

　　a.these workers are paid by the hour/piece.(计时/件取酬)

　　b.these eggs are sold by the dozen.(这些鸡蛋是论打卖的。)

　　但"按重量"应说by weight

　　c.meat is sold by the kilo(by weight)。

　　(13)方位名词前必须加the

　　in the east of

　　on the east of

　　to the east of/east of

　　在山顶 at the top of hill=on top of hill

　　last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of boston.